Искусство - скачать книги или читать онлайн. Страница 358

Over the course of history, many wars have changed the political and cultural landscape of our world. While these events are defined by their upheaval and violence, they frequently contribute to the formation of the identity of entire generations or groups of people, and thus have significant cultural effects. Despite the physical and emotional destruction that occurs during these turbulent periods, they have inspired prolific artistic creation. In the wake of traumatic events over the centuries, a myriad of artists have produced works that immortalise the most dramatic moments of these wars in order to establish them in history forever.

«Когда мужчина покупает подарки не 17-летней любовнице, а жене, с которой прожил всю жизнь, это дорогого стоит.»

He was the son of a citizen in comfortable circumstances, and had been, in Vasari’s words, “instructed in all such things as children are usually taught before they choose a calling.” However, he refused to give his attention to reading, writing and accounts, continues Vasari, so that his father, despairing of his ever becoming a scholar, apprenticed him to the goldsmith Botticello: whence came the name by which the world remembers him. However, Sandro, a stubborn-featured youth with large, quietly searching eyes and a shock of yellow hair – he has left a portrait of himself on the right-hand side of his picture of the Adoration of the Magi – would also become a painter, and to that end was placed with the Carmelite monk Fra Filippo Lippi. But he was a realist, as the artists of his day had become, satisfied with the joy and skill of painting, and with the study of the beauty and character of the human subject instead of religious themes. Botticelli made rapid progress, loved his master, and later on extended his love to his master’s son, Filippino Lippi, and taught him to paint, but the master’s realism scarcely touched Lippi, for Botticelli was a dreamer and a poet.

Pieter Brueghel was the first important member of a family of artists who were active for four generations. Firstly a drawer before becoming a painter later, he painted religious themes, such as Babel Tower, with very bright colours. Influenced by Hieronymus Bosch, he painted large, complex scenes of peasant life and scripture or spiritual allegories, often with crowds of subjects performing a variety of acts, yet his scenes are unified with an informal integrity and often with wit. In his work, he brought a new humanising spirit. Befriending the Humanists, Brueghel composed true philosophical landscapes in the heart of which man accepts passively his fate, caught in the track of time.

Without a doubt, Katsushika Hokusai is the most famous Japanese artist since the middle of the nineteenth century whose art is known to the Western world. Reflecting the artistic expression of an isolated civilisation, the works of Hokusai, one of the first Japanese artists to emerge in Europe, greatly influenced the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist painters, such as Vincent van Gogh. Considered during his life as a living Ukiyo-e master, Hokusai fascinates us with the variety and the significance of his work, which spanned almost ninety years and is presented here in all its breadth and diversity.

They met in 1928, Frida Kahlo was then 21 years old and Diego Rivera was twice her age. He was already an international reference, she only aspired to become one.

Urban realism, snow-covered streets of New York, boxing matches, children on the banks of a river, the painters of the Ash Can School preferred realistic images. Their paintings are a true hymn to noise and sensations. This unconventional movement enabled the birth of a true national artistic identity which broke free from the establishment. The Ash Can School resolutely promoted the affirmation of the modernist current of American art. Edward Hopper, who was a student of Robert Henri, embraced the principles of this movement and brought them to another level.

Пианиста Вана Клиберна, победителя Первого международного конкурса имени П. И. Чайковского, обожали миллионы людей в СССР и в Соединенных Штатах. Советский народ был очарован его необыкновенным талантом, страстью и неподдельной искренностью. Во время холодной войны Клиберн стал посланником надежды для двух противоборствующих сверхдержав. В своем захватывающем и безупречно строгом труде Найджел Клифф не просто рассказывает историю невероятно талантливого американского пианиста, он анализирует один из тяжелейших периодов нашей страны, передавая дух и атмосферу эпохи.

«На доклад мой, озаглавленный „Народ и интеллигенция“, было сделано очень много возражений, устных и печатных. То, о чем я буду говорить сегодня, представляет развитие все той же темы.

Тургенев одним из первых оценил по достоинству «Записки ружейного охотника». В письме к автору он замечал: «…Ваши „Записки“ будут дороги не для одних охотников; всякому человеку, не лишенному поэтического чутья – они доставят истинное наслажденье; и потому я готов отвечать за успех их – и литературный, и материальный. А для меня – повторяю – написать им разбор – будет просто праздник». Предвидения Тургенева оказались справедливыми: «Записки ружейного охотника» действительно имели большой успех.

«На доклад мой, озаглавленный „Народ и интеллигенция“, было сделано очень много возражений, устных и печатных. То, о чем я буду говорить сегодня, представляет развитие все той же темы.

«Не посылайте никому воздушных поцелуев, не прижимайте руку к сердцу и не падайте на колено, как будто клянетесь. Не интонируйте, не пойте текст, в стихах ломайте ритм. Не жестикулируйте излишне, например, не бейте себя в грудь, не заламывайте руки, не разводите руками… Ваша задача – чтобы не осталось ничего! Когда вы доведете себя до абсолютного нуля… каждый жест, который вы придумаете, каждый дерг жеста должен быть точным, должен быть вашим собственным».