Техническая литература - скачать книги или читать онлайн. Страница 161

A comprehensive and detailed reference guide on the integrity and safety of oil and gas pipelines, both onshore and offshore Covers a wide variety of topics, including design, pipe manufacture, pipeline welding, human factors, residual stresses, mechanical damage, fracture and corrosion, protection, inspection and monitoring, pipeline cleaning, direct assessment, repair, risk management, and abandonment Links modern and vintage practices to help integrity engineers better understand their system and apply up-to-date technology to older infrastructure Includes case histories with examples of solutions to complex problems related to pipeline integrity Includes chapters on stress-based and strain-based design, the latter being a novel type of design that has only recently been investigated by designer firms and regulators Provides information to help those who are responsible to establish procedures for ensuring pipeline integrity and safety

Some 200 years after the original invention, internal design of a Stirling engine has come to be considered a specialist task, calling for extensive experience and for access to sophisticated computer modelling. The low parts-count of the type is negated by the complexity of the gas processes by which heat is converted to work. Design is perceived as problematic largely because those interactions are neither intuitively evident, nor capable of being made visible by laboratory experiment. There can be little doubt that the situation stands in the way of wider application of this elegant concept. Stirling Cycle Engines re-visits the design challenge, doing so in three stages. Firstly, unrealistic expectations are dispelled: chasing the Carnot efficiency is a guarantee of disappointment, since the Stirling engine has no such pretentions. Secondly, no matter how complex the gas processes, they embody a degree of intrinsic similarity from engine to engine. Suitably exploited, this means that a single computation serves for an infinite number of design conditions. Thirdly, guidelines resulting from the new approach are condensed to high-resolution design charts – nomograms. Appropriately designed, the Stirling engine promises high thermal efficiency, quiet operation and the ability to operate from a wide range of heat sources. Stirling Cycle Engines offers tools for expediting feasibility studies and for easing the task of designing for a novel application. Key features: Expectations are re-set to realistic goals. The formulation throughout highlights what the thermodynamic processes of different engines have in common rather than what distinguishes them. Design by scaling is extended, corroborated, reduced to the use of charts and fully Illustrated. Results of extensive computer modelling are condensed down to high-resolution Nomograms. Worked examples feature throughout. Prime movers (and coolers) operating on the Stirling cycle are of increasing interest to industry, the military (stealth submarines) and space agencies. Stirling Cycle Engines fills a gap in the technical literature and is a comprehensive manual for researchers and practitioners. In particular, it will support effort world-wide to exploit potential for such applications as small-scale CHP (combined heat and power), solar energy conversion and utilization of low-grade heat.

A companion to the title Corrosion Chemistry, this volume covers both the theoretical aspects of cathodic protection and the practical applications of the technology, including the most cutting-edge processes and theories. Engineers and scientists across a wide range of disciplines and industries will find this the most up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of cathodic protection available. A superb reference and refresher on the chemistry and uses of the technology for engineers in the field, the book also provides a tremendous introduction to the science for newcomers to the field.

Kenntnisse der Auslegung und Simulation von Chemiereaktoren sind die Voraussetzung fur den optimalen technischen und wirtschaftlichen Betrieb von chemischen Prozessen. In der neuen Auflage von «Chemiereaktoren» gibt Jens Hagen einen bewahrten und verstandlichen Einstieg in das komplexe Thema und vermittelt die Grundlagen der Reaktionstechnik. Alle erforderlichen Auslegungsgleichungen auf Basis der Stoff-, Warme- und Impulsbilanz unter Berucksichtigung von Stochiometrie und Kinetik der Reaktionen werden abgeleitet und erlautert. Jedes Kapitel enthalt vollstandig durchgerechnete Beispiele und Ubungsaufgaben mit kommentierten Losungen. Um einen Einstieg in die Modellierung und Simulation von Chemiereaktoren zu geben, nutzt Jens Hagen das Softwarepaket POLYMATH, das das Finden von numerischen Problemlosungen leicht nachvollziehbar und mit geringem Aufwand erlaubt. Zielgerichtet wird die Modellierung von Problemstellungen geubt und es werden verstandliche Losungswege aufgezeigt, um Probleme aus der Praxis zu losen. In der zweiten Auflage wurde das Buch um die Losung von Differenzialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung und von partiellen Differenzialgleichungen erweitert, um komplexere Fragestellungen des Stoff- und Warmeaustauschs losen zu konnen. Zusatzlich wurden viele neue Beispiele und Simulationen aufgenommen, die reale Probleme in der Reaktionstechnik widerspiegeln und eine Ubertragung der Beispiele in die Praxis erleichtern.

Das Grundbau-Taschenbuch hat seit uber 60 Jahren zum Ziel, Entwicklungen, neue Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse, Berechnungs- und Nachweismethoden fur die Belange der Baupraxis umfassend zusammenzutragen und transparent zu vermitteln. Auch die 8. Auflage setzt das Format konsequent fort und bringt den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft und der Technik auf dem Gebiet des geotechnischen Ingenieurwesens in seinen wesentlichen Sparten zusammen. Der Teil 1 «Geotechnische Grundlagen» behandelt die Grundsatze der Sicherheitsnachweise, die Erkundung des Baugrundes, die physikalischen Eigenschaften von Boden und Fels, ihre Ermittlung und Bewertung, ihre Berucksichtigung in Stoffgesetzen und in konventionellen sowie numerischen Berechnungsmethoden, die Grundlagen der Bodendynamik, Phanomene der Massenbewegungen, den Umgang mit Schadstoffen im Boden und Grundwasser und die Methoden sowie Dokumentationsmoglichkeiten der Bauwerksbeobachtung. Die meisten Beitrage wurden grundlegend uberarbeitet, einige von neuen Autoren oder Koautoren. Neu hinzugekommen ist das Kapitel «Statistik und Probabilistik in der geotechnischen Bemessung».

The connection between the quantum behavior of the structure elements of a substance and the parameters that determine the macroscopic behavior of materials has a major influence on the properties exhibited by different solids. Although quantum engineering and theory should complement each other, this is not always the case. This book aims to demonstrate how the properties of materials can be derived and predicted from the features of their structural elements, generally electrons. In a sense, electronic structure forms the glue holding solids together and it is central to determining structural, mechanical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and vibrational properties. The main part of the book is devoted to an overview of the fundamentals of density functional theory and its applications to computational solid-state physics and chemistry. The author shows the technique for construction of models and the computer simulation methods in detail. He considers fundamentals of physical and chemical interatomic bonding in solids and analyzes the predicted theoretical outcome in comparison with experimental data. He applies first-principle simulation methods to predict the properties of transition metals, semiconductors, oxides, solid solutions, and molecular and ionic crystals. Uniquely, he presents novel theories of creep and fatigue that help to anticipate, and prevent, possibly fatal material failures. As a result, readers gain the knowledge and tools to simulate material properties and design materials with desired characteristics. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the book, it is suitable for a variety of markets from students to engineers and researchers.

Aimed at both researchers and professionals who deal with this topic in their routine work, this introduction provides a coherent and rigorous access to the field including relevant methods for practical applications. No preceding knowledge of gas dynamics is assumed.

This first book to cover the interaction of polymers with radiation from the entire electromagnetic spectrum adopts a multidisciplinary approach to bridge polymer chemistry and physics, photochemistry, photophysics and materials science. The text is equally unique in its scope, devoting equal amounts of attention to the three aspects of synthesis, characterization, and applications. The first part deals with the interaction of polymers with non-ionizing radiation in the frequency-range from sub-terahertz via infrared radiation to visible and ultraviolet light, while the second covers interaction with ionizing radiation from the extreme ultraviolet to ?-ray photons. The result is a systematic overview of how both types of radiation can be used for different polymerization approaches, spectroscopy methods and lithography techniques. Authored by a world-renowned researcher and teacher with over 40 years of experience in the field, this is a highly practical and authoritative guide.

Written by a scientist and researcher with more than 25 years of experience in the field, this serves as a complete guide to catalyst activity loss during the hydroprocessing of heavy oils. Explores the physical and chemical properties of heavy oils and hydroprocessing catalysts; the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation; catalyst characterization by a variety of techniques and reaction conditions; laboratory and commercial information for model validations; and more Demonstrates how to develop correlations and models for a variety of reaction scales with step-by-step descriptions and detailed experimental data Contains important implications for increasing operational efficiencies within the petroleum industry An essential reference for professionals and researchers working in the refining industry as well as students taking courses on chemical reaction engineering

This book is a contribution to the definition of a model based system engineering (MBSE) approach, designed to meet the objectives laid out by the INCOSE. After pointing out the complexity that jeopardizes a lot of system developments, the book examines fundamental aspects of systems under consideration. It goes on to address methodological issues and proposes a methodic approach of MBSE that provides, unlike current practices, systematic and integrated model-based engineering processes. An annex describes relevant features of the VHDL-AMS language supporting the methodological issues described in the book.

This book gives a clear presentation of the necessary basics of semiconductor and device physics and engineering. It introduces readers to fundamental issues that will enable them to follow the latest technological research. It also covers important applications, including LED and lighting, semiconductor lasers, high power switching devices, and detectors. This balanced and up-to-date treatment makes the text an essential educational tool for both advanced students and professionals in the electronics industry.

Biorenewable polymers based nanomaterials are rapidly emerging as one of the most fascinating materials for multifunctional applications. Among biorenewable polymers, cellulose based nanomaterials are of great importance due to their inherent advantages such as environmental friendliness, biodegradability, biocompatibility, easy processing and cost effectiveness, to name a few. They may be produced from biological systems such as plants or be chemically synthesised from biological materials. This book summarizes the recent remarkable achievements witnessed in green technology of cellulose based nanomaterials in different fields ranging from biomedical to automotive. This book also discusses the extensive research developments for next generation nanocellulose-based polymer nanocomposites. The book contains seventeen chapters and each chapter addresses some specific issues related to nanocellulose and also demonstrates the real potentialities of these nanomaterials in different domains. The key features of the book are: Synthesis and chemistry of nanocellulose from different biorenewable resources Different characterization of nanocellulosic materials and their respective polymer nanocomposites Physico-chemical, thermal and mechanical investigation of nanocellulose based polymer nanocomposites Provides elementary information and rich understanding of the present state-of- art of nanocellulose-based materials Explores the full range of applications of different nanocellulose-based materials.