Прочая образовательная литература - скачать книги или читать онлайн. Страница 222

Explains the importance of Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) and how they can be implemented by the world’s carriers This book discusses Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) from an operational perspective. It presents algorithms that are suitable for real-time operation and includes experimental results to further demonstrate the feasibility of the approaches discussed. It covers practical issues such as provisioning, protection, and defragmentation. It also presents provisioning and recovery in single layer elastic optical networks (EON). The authors review algorithms for provisioning point-to-point, anycast, and multicast connections, as well as transfer-based connections for datacenter interconnection. They also include algorithms for recovery connections from failures in the optical layer and in-operation planning algorithms for EONs. Provisioning, Recovery and In-operation Planning in Elastic Optical Network also examines multi-layer scenarios. It covers virtual network topology reconfiguration and multi-layer recovery, and includes provisioning customer virtual networks and the use of data analytics in order to bring cognition to the network. In addition, the book: Presents managing connections dynamically—and the flexibility to adapt the connection bitrate to the traffic needs fit well for new types of services, such as datacenter interconnection and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Examines the topic in a holistic and comprehensive way, addressing control and management plane issues for provisioning, recovery, and in-operation planning Covers provisioning, recovery, and in-operation planning for EONs at the proposed exhaustive level The rapid expanse of new services has made the use of EONs (a relatively new concept) a necessity. That’s why this book is perfect for students and researchers in the field of technologies for optical networks (specifically EONs), including network architectures and planning, dynamic connection provisioning, on-line network re-optimization, and control and management planes. It is also an important text for engineers and practitioners working for telecom network operators, service providers, and vendors that require knowledge on a rapidly evolving topic.

Thermohydrodynamic Instability in Fluid-Film Bearings aims to establish instability criteria for a rotor-bearing system associated with fluid-film journal bearings. • It focuses on how the influencing factors such as rotor flexibility, manufacturing imperfections such as residual shaft unbalance, and service-related imperfections such as uneven wear affect the stability of a rotor-bearing system • It shows how the specific operating conditions such as oil inlet temperature, inlet pressure, and inlet position of a rotor-bearing system directly influence the system stability • General design guidelines have been summarized to guide the engineering system design and the correction of failure and/or malfunction

Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition combines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of response of structures to earthquake ground motion, from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design, and culminating with probabilistic fragility analysis that applies to individual as well as groups of buildings. Basic concepts for accounting for the effects of soil-structure interaction effects in seismic design and assessment are also provided in this second edition. The nature of earthquake risk assessment is inherently multi-disciplinary. Whereas this book addresses only structural safety assessment and design, the problem is cast in its appropriate context by relating structural damage states to societal consequences and expectations, through the fundamental response quantities of stiffness, strength and ductility. This new edition includes material on the nature of earthquake sources and mechanisms, various methods for the characterization of earthquake input motion, effects of soil-structure interaction, damage observed in reconnaissance missions, modeling of structures for the purposes of response simulation, definition of performance limit states, fragility relationships derivation, features and effects of underlying soil, structural and architectural systems for optimal seismic response, and action and deformation quantities suitable for design. Key features: Unified and novel approach: from source to fragility Clear conceptual framework for structural response analysis, earthquake input characterization, modelling of soil-structure interaction and derivation of fragility functions Theory and relevant practical applications are merged within each chapter Contains a new chapter on the derivation of fragility Accompanied by a website containing illustrative slides, problems with solutions and worked-through examples Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition is designed to support graduate teaching and learning, introduce practising structural and geotechnical engineers to earthquake analysis and design problems, as well as being a reference book for further studies.

Pain Genetics: Basic to Translational Science is a timely synthesis of the key areas of research informing our understanding of the genetic basis of pain. The book opens with foundational information on basic genetic mechanisms underlying pain perception and progresses recently discovered complex concepts facing the field. The coverage is wide-ranging and will serves as an excellent entry point into understating the genetics of pain as well as providing a single resource for established researchers looking for a better understanding of the diverse strands of research going on in the area. With contributors painstakingly selected to provide a broad range of perspectives and research, Pain Genetics will be a valuable resource for geneticists, neuroscientists, and biomedical professionals alike.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are an important functional material because of their potential implications in diverse research fields. The materials have been developed for a range of uses including separation, environmental, biomedical and sensor applications. In this book, the chapters are clustered into two main sections: Strategies to be employed when using the affinity materials, and rational design of MIPs for advanced applications. In the first part, the book covers the recent advances in producing MIPs for sample design, preparation and characterizations. In the second part, the chapters demonstrate the importance and novelty of creation of recognition imprinted on the materials and surfaces for a range of microbial detection sensors in the biomedical, environmental and food safety fields as well as sensing human odor and virus monitoring systems. Part 1: Strategies of affinity materials Molecularly imprinted polymers MIP nanomaterials Micro- and nanotraps for solid phase extraction Carbonaceous affinity nanomaterials Fluorescent MIPs MIP-based fiber optic sensors Part 2: Rational design of MIP for advanced applications MIP-based biomedical and environmental sensors Affinity adsorbents for environmental biotechnology MIP in food safety MIP-based virus monitoring MIP-based drug delivery and controlled release Biorecognition imprints on the biosensor surfaces MIP-based sensing of volatile organic compounds in human body odour MIP-based microcantilever sensor system

This book deals with applications in several areas of science and technology that make use of light which carries orbital angular momentum. In most practical scenarios, the angular momentum can be decomposed into two independent contributions: the spin angular momentum and the orbital angular momentum. The orbital contribution affords a fundamentally new degree of freedom, with fascinating and wide-spread applications. Unlike spin angular momentum, which is associated with the polarization of light, the orbital angular momentum arises as a consequence of the spatial distribution of the intensity and phase of an optical field, even down to the single photon limit. Researchers have begun to appreciate its implications for our understanding of the ways in which light and matter can interact, and its practical potential in different areas of science and technology.

Representing a further step towards enabling the convergence of computing and communication, this handbook and reference treats germanium electronics and optics on an equal footing. Renowned experts paint the big picture, combining both introductory material and the latest results. The first part of the book introduces readers to the fundamental properties of germanium, such as band offsets, impurities, defects and surface structures, which determine the performance of germanium-based devices in conjunction with conventional silicon technology. The second part covers methods of preparing and processing germanium structures, including chemical and physical vapor deposition, condensation approaches and chemical etching. The third and largest part gives a broad overview of the applications of integrated germanium technology: waveguides, photodetectors, modulators, ring resonators, transistors and, prominently, light-emitting devices. An invaluable one-stop resource for both researchers and developers.

A combination of oxidation methods and C‒H bond functionalization, this book emphasizes mechanistic understanding and critical analysis of synthetic reactions to offer a guide or manual for practicing chemists. • Combines oxidation methods and C‒H bond functionalization, two of the most important aspects of organic synthesis • Deals with C‒H bonds, an area of dynamic and continuous research across chemistry and catalysis • Helps readers understand the fundamental and applied differences among various oxidation methods and reactions • Covers mechanistic details, conditions, oxidation reagents, and practical aspects of different reactions

Coordination polymer is a general term used to indicate an infinite array composed of metal ions which are bridged by certain ligands among them. This incorporates a wide range of architectures including simple one-dimensional chains with small ligands to large mesoporous frameworks. Generally, the formation process proceeds automatically and, therefore, is called a self-assembly process. In general, the type and topology of the product generated from the self-assembly of inorganic metal nodes and organic spacers depend on the functionality of the ligand and valences and the geometric needs of the metal ions used. In this book the authors explain main group metal coordination polymer in bulk and nano size with some of their application, synthesis method and etc, The properties of these efficient materials are described at length including magnetism (long-range ordering, spin crossover), porosity (gas storage, ion and guest exchange), non-linear optical activity, chiral networks, reactive networks, heterogeneous catalysis, luminescence, multifunctional materials and other properties.

Spatio-temporal Approaches presents a well-built set of concepts, methods and approaches, in order to represent and understand the evolution of social and environmental phenomena within the space. It is basedon examples in human geography and archeology (which will enable us to explore questions regarding various temporalities) and tackles social and environmental phenomena. Chapter 1 discusses how to apprehend change: objects, attributes, relations, processes. Chapter 2 introduces multiple points of view about modeling and the authors try to shed a new light on the different, but complementary approaches of geomaticians and thematicians. Chapter 3 is devoted to the construction of spatio-temporal indicators, to various measurements of the change, while highlighting the advantage of an approach crossing several points of view, in order to understand the phenomenon at hand. Chapter 4 presents different categories of simulation model in line with complexity sciences. These models rely notably on the concepts of emergence and self-organization and allow us to highlight the roles of interaction within change. Chapter 5 provides ideas on research concerning the various construction approaches of hybrid objects and model couplings.

Aerosols influence many areas of our daily life. They are at the core of environmental problems such as global warming, photochemical smog and poor air quality. They can also have diverse effects on human health, where exposure occurs in both outdoor and indoor environments. However, aerosols can have beneficial effects too; the delivery of drugs to the lungs, the delivery of fuels for combustion and the production of nanomaterials all rely on aerosols. Advances in particle measurement technologies have made it possible to take advantage of rapid changes in both particle size and concentration. Likewise, aerosols can now be produced in a controlled fashion. Reviewing many technological applications together with the current scientific status of aerosol modelling and measurements, this book includes: • Satellite aerosol remote sensing • The effects of aerosols on climate change • Air pollution and health • Pharmaceutical aerosols and pulmonary drug delivery • Bioaerosols and hospital infections • Particle emissions from vehicles • The safety of emerging nanomaterials • Radioactive aerosols: tracers of atmospheric processes With the importance of this topic brought to the public’s attention after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, this book provides a timely, concise and accessible overview of the many facets of aerosol science.

Written by renowned experts in the field, this first book to focus exclusively on energy balance climate models provides a concise overview of the topic. It covers all major aspects, from the simplest zero-dimensional models, proceeding to horizontally and vertically resolved models. The text begins with global average models, which are explored in terms of their elementary forms yielding the global average temperature, right up to the incorporation of feedback mechanisms and some analytical properties of interest. The effect of stochastic forcing is then used to introduce natural variability in the models before turning to the concept of stability theory. Other one dimensional or zonally averaged models are subsequently presented, along with various applications, including chapters on paleoclimatology, the inception of continental glaciations, detection of signals in the climate system, and optimal estimation of large scale quantities from point scale data. Throughout the book, the authors work on two mathematical levels: qualitative physical expositions of the subject material plus optional mathematical sections that include derivations and treatments of the equations along with some proofs of stability theorems. A must-have introduction for policy makers, environmental agencies, and NGOs, as well as climatologists, molecular physicists, and meteorologists.