3. Emmons, R.A., and McCullough, M.E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84: 377–89.

4. Emmons (2007), op. cit. 5. Fredrickson, B.L., Tugade, M.M., Waugh, C.E., and Larkin, G.R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crises?: A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States in September 11, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84: 365–76.

6. Watkins, P.C., Grimm, D.L., and Kolts, R. (2004). Counting your blessings: Positive memories among grateful persons. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 23: 52–67.

7. Fredrickson et al. (2003), указ. соч.

8. Malin, A. (2003, September). Maximum joy: 14 ways to feel lucky you’re alive. Prevention.

9. Casey, M.J. (2006, October 20). A survivor’s optimism. New York Times. 10. Bartlett, M.Y., and DeSteno, D. (2006). Gratitude and prosocial behavior: Helping when it costs you. Psychological Science, 17: 319–25.

11. McCullough et al. (2001), op. cit. Emmons and McCullough (2003), op. cit.

12. Algoe, S.B., Haidt, J., Gable, S.L., and Strachman, A. (2007). Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Manuscript under review.

13. Lyubomirsky, King, et al. (2005), указ. соч.

14. McCullough et al. (2002), указ. соч.

15. Цитата принадлежит психиатру Роджеру Уолшу.

16. См. упражнение “What I Know to Be True” exercise in MacDonald, L. (2004). Learn to Be an Optimist. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 51.

17. Miller, T. (1995). How to Want What You Have. New York: Avon.

18. Tkach (2005), указ. соч.

19. Seligman, M.E., Steen, T.A., Park, N., and Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60: 410–21.

20. Dickerhoof (2007), указ. соч.

21. Это различие описано в самой лучшей статье об оптимизме, которую я когда-либо читала: Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55: 44–55.

22. Franken, A. (1992). I’m Good Enough, I’m Smart Enough, and Doggone it, People Like Me!: Daily Affirmations by Stuart Smalley. New York: Dell. Личное примечание: Эл Франкен, я вас люблю.

23. Tiger, L. (1979). Optimism: The Biology of Hope. New York: Simon & Schuster. Scheier, M.F., and Carver, C.S. (1993). On the power of positive thinking: The benefits of being optimistic. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2: 26–30.

24. Scheier and Carver (1993), указ. соч.

25. Abramson, L.Y., Seligman, M.E. P., and Teasdale, J.D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87: 49–74. Peterson, C. (1991). Meaning and measurement of explanatory style. Psychological Inquiry, 2: 1–10.

26. Snyder, C.R. (1994). The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get There from Here. New York: Free Press.

27. King, L.A. (2001). The health benefits of writing about life goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27: 798–807.

28. Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006a), указ. соч.

29. О преимуществах письменного выражения мыслей см. Pennebaker, J.W., and Graybeal, A. (2001). Patterns of natural language use: Disclosure, personality, and social integration. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10: 90–93. Singer, J.A. (2004). Narrative identity and meaning making across the adult lifespan: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 72: 437–59.

30. Segerstrom, S.C. (2001). Optimism, goal conflict, and stressor-related immune change. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24: 441–67.

31. Snyder, C.R., Harris, C., Anderson, J.R., Holleran, S.A., Irving, L.M., Sigmon, S.T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., and Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individualdifferences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60: 570–85.

32. Scheier, M.F., Weintraub, J.K., and Carver, C.S. (1986). Coping with stress: Divergent strategies of optimists and pessimists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1257–64. Nes, L.S., and Segerstrom, S.C. (2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10: 235–51.

33. Scheier and Carver (1993), указ. соч.

34. Helweg-Larsen, M., Sadeghian, P., and Webb, M.A. (2002). The stigma of being pessimistically biased. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21: 92–107.

35. Общая концепция о преимуществах надежды и анализ «барьерных надежд» принадлежат психологу, ныне покойному К.Р. Снайдеру.

36. См. упражнение “Look for the Silver Lining”, MacDonald (2004), указ. соч.

37. Gillham, J.E., and Reivich, K.J. (1999). Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children: A research update. Psychological Science, 10: 461–62.

38. Этот метод называют «методом ABCDE», он подробно описан в 8 главе. Ссылки: Seligman’s (1991) Learned Optimism and (2002) Authentic Happiness, указ. соч.

39. Aspinwall, L.G., and Brunhart, S.M. (1996). Distinguishing optimism from denial: Optimistic beliefs predict attention to health threats. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22: 993–1003.

40. Seligman, M. (1991). Learned Optimism. New York: Free Press, p. 292. 41. Обзор см. Lyubomirsky, S., and Tkach, C. (2003). The consequences of dysphoric rumination. In Papageorgiou, C., and Wells, A. (eds.). Rumination: Nature, Theory, and Treatment of Negative Thinking in Depression (pp. 21–41). Chichester, UK: John Wiley. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Women Who Think Too Much. New York: Henry Holt.

42. Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Kasri, F., and Zehm, K. (2007). The cognitive and hedonic costs of unwarranted dwelling. Manuscript under review.

43. Lyubomirsky et al. (2007), op. cit. See also Lyubomirsky, S., Kasri, F., and Zehm, K. (2003). Dysphoric rumination impairs concentration on academic tasks. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27: 309–30.

44. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7: 114–40. Taylor, S.E., and Lobel, M. (1989). Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts. Psychological Review, 96: 569–75. Major, B., Testa, M., and Bylsma, W.H. (1991). Responses to upward and downward social comparisons: The impact of esteem-relevance and perceived control. In Suls, J., and Wills, T.A. (eds). Social Comparison: Contemporary Theory and Research (pp. 237–60). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Affleck, G., and Tennen, H. (1991). Social comparison and coping with major medical problems. In Suls and Wills, op. cit., (pp. 369–93).

45. Lyubomirsky, S., and Ross, L. (1997). Hedonic consequences of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73: 1141–57.

46. Исходные слова – basis, snowy, toxin.

47 Nolen-Hoeksema (2003), указ. соч.

48. Fredrickson, B.L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56: 218–26.

49. Carlson, R. (1997). Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff-and It’s All Small Stuff. New York: Hyperion.

50. Tedeschi, R.G., Park, C.L., and Calhoun, L.G. (eds.). (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

1. Berscheid, E. (2003). The human’s greatest strength: Other humans. In Aspinwall, L.G., and Staudinger, U.M., (eds.). A Psychology of Human Strengths: Fundamental Questions and Future Directions for a Positive Psychology (pp. 37–47). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. The quote appears on p. 39.

2. Lyubomirsky, King, et al. (2005), указ. соч.